TNF and infection: To further clarify the contribution of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis to TNF-α-induced sarcopenia, we transfected myoblasts either with lentivirus encoding shRNA targeting GSDME(LV-shGSDME) or empty lentiviral vector (LV-shNC) according to the optimal MOI for infection (Supplemental Fig. A, B) and validated the knockdown efficiency by immunoblotting of GSDME (Fig. 7F).