Interestingly, naked EV-A71 RNA triggered RLR pathway activation in HeLa cells,25 suggesting that EV-A71 particles have mechanisms for RLR evasion.31,32 We have confirmed that EV-A71 infection did not trigger RLR-mediated immune activation in HEK-293T cells (Fig. 1k) or STING silenced THP-1 cells (Fig. 1e). Here, STING1 is linked to infection.