ISG15 and infection: Type I interferons are induced during cGAS-STING activation.34 Type I interferons induce the production of ISGs.57 We further observed that cGAS-STING activation-stimulated ISG production including ISG60, ISG56, ISG54, RSAD2, and ISG15 was inhibited by EV-A71 infection (Fig. 2a), which was further supported by the fact that interferon stimulated response element (ISRE) promoter activity was also activated by cGAS-STING stimulation and suppressed in the presence of EV-A71 infection (Fig. 2f).