Various prognostic molecular markers for OPMD, including p53, Ki67 and PCNA, cell cycle proteins, loss of heterozygosity (LOH), and some cell surface and stromal proteins, identified in prior studies, have failed to be used in clinical practice for OPMD prognosis [10, 49] because many studies did not have the adequate follow-up required by the longitudinal design criteria and well-defined diagnostic criteria [49]. This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.