The significantly enriched immune pathways found included bacterial invasion of epithelial cells (14), complement and coagulation cascades (15), regulation of actin cytoskeleton (14), focal adhesion (8), antigen processing and presentation (10), FcγR-mediated phagocytosis (5), phagosome (14), pathogenic Escherichia coli infection (19), endocytosis (11), NF-κB and MAPK (6), and insulin signaling pathway (5) of DEPs (Supplementary Table S5). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and escherichia coli infection.