Overexpression of mortalin correlates with diminished patient survival in several forms of cancer, including early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (Sun et al., 2017), breast cancer (Zhang et al., 2021), hepatocellular carcinoma (Cheng et al., 2019), ovarian and cervical cancers (Putri et al., 2019; Xu et al., 2019), gastric cancer (Dai et al., 2021), and CRC (Rozenberg et al., 2013; Javid et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene HSPA9 and cancer.