HSPA9 and neoplasm: Mortalin’s multi-functional roles in tumorigenic pathways summarized in this section explain mortalin’s contributions to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), early tumor recurrence, tumor migration/invasion, stemness, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis (Wadhwa et al., 2006; Yi et al., 2008; Chen et al., 2014; Na et al., 2016; Xu et al., 2020).