HSPA9 and infection: Infection by F. graminearum (Nightingale et al., 1999; Prange et al., 2005; Gärtner et al., 2007; Arata et al., 2022), stripe rust (Devadas et al., 2014; Rozo-Ortega et al., 2021), leaf rust, septoria blotch (Castro et al., 2018), and tan spot (Fleitas et al., 2018) in wheat may also reduce grain protein content like MoT.