TXN and cerebral artery occlusion: Tanaka et al. (17) reported peak Nrf2 activity in the peri-infarct region 8 h after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in mice and decreased Nrf2 activity 24 h after tMCAO, and they also reported that the expression of antioxidant proteins downstream of Nrf2, such as heme oxygenase 1, glutathione and thioredoxin, is increased 24–72 h after tMCAO.