AKT1 and diabetic kidney disease: For instance, the lncRNA ArfGAP with RhoGAP domain, ankyrinrepeat and PH domain1 antisense RNA2 (ARAP1-AS2) promotes high glucose-induced renal proximal tubular cell injury by interacting with ARAP1 [32]; and sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5-AS1) inhibits autophagy and aggravates apoptosis of podocytes via the SPAG5/AKT/mTOR pathway in diabetic nephropathy [33].