Substantial evidence suggests that the NF-κB signaling cascade adversely affects cerebral ischemia because of its role in regulating pro-inflammatory mediators, including IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, iNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (127, 128). This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and Cerebral ischemia.