Although β subunits are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy, it remains unclear how β subunits regulate CaV1.2 channel function in cardiomyocytes as CaV1.2 channels were localized at two different microdomains in ventricular and atrial cardiomyocytes: T−tubule and caveolae (68–71). This evidence concerns the gene CACNA1C and cardiac hypertrophy.