HPDL and cancer: HPDL (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-like protein) and FITM1 (interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1) are aberrantly expressed within different cancers (including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and breast cancer), and they are related to cancer cell growth, migration, metabolism, and redox balance [36, 37].