We further showed that co-culturing of BMDMs with PE tumor cells potently increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in macrophages, while arginase 1 and TGF-β were not significantly altered in macrophages (Supplementary Figure 3B). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.