Notably, Cluster 1, 2, and 4 showed better response to ICIs, which should be due to TME supporting anti-tumor immunity, including IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling, tumor necrosis factor (TNFA, TGFB) and interferon (IFNA, IFNG) pathways (21, 34, 35). Here, STAT3 is linked to neoplasm.