Furthermore, pro-anti-tumor immunity related pathways, including IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling, tumor necrosis factor (TNFA, TGFB), interferon (IFNA, IFNG) pathways were enriched in cluster1, 2, and 4, providing a potential explanation for cluster 1, 2, and 4 having a TME supporting anti-tumor immunity and better response to ICIs (Figure 3A). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and neoplasm.