Combined with our results, it can be inferred that normal Bactrian camel plasma-derived exosomes may suppress tumor growth of HCC through Ras, Rap1, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, AMPK, FoxO, HIF-1, interleukin-1, and canonical Wnt signaling pathways. Here, AKT1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.