For example, when TAMs are cocultured with hepatoma cells, macrophage-derived IL-6 and IL-8 activate JAK kinase, which phosphorylates STAT3 activating STAT3 signaling in tumor cells and promotes the epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT), thus enhancing tumor invasion and metastasis (33, 34). This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and hepatocellular carcinoma.