Manipulating non-cancerous components of the BC TME as well as targeting the T cell regulatory pathways and immune checkpoint molecules,196 in addition to correcting miRNA deregulation using miRNA-based therapeutics, extracellular vesicle formation and release, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression have been proposed in several research studies.197. This evidence concerns the gene IDO1 and breast cancer.