CRP and heart failure: Elevated levels of TNF⍺, IL-6, CRP, Galectin-3, IL-2, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-33, and pentraxin-3 are all found in patients with heart failure (Torre-Amione et al., 1996; Vasan et al., 2003; Latini et al., 2012; Edelmann et al., 2015; Mann, 2015).