Recent studies have suggested that immune checkpoint (IC) receptors, such as programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), CD47, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), are highly expressed in many types of cancer and are currently targeted to improve antitumor responses [21–24]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to cancer.