In addition, expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the endplate were assessed, and it was found that levels of IL-1β (control vs diabetes: 8.158 vs 15.13; p < 0.0001) and TNF-α (control vs diabetes: 104.6 vs 131.7; p < 0.0001) in the diabetic group were increased to various degrees (Supplementary figure). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is diabetes mellitus.