Examples are a G6PD variant, or a 3.7-kb deletion in the alpha-globin gene causing alpha-thalassemia and being associated with malaria resistance and protection for kidney dysfunctions in SCD (Geard et al., 2017) or, as previously mentioned, variants in APOL1 that are protective against Trypanosoma but increase susceptibility to kidney dysfunctions in SCD patients (Geard et al., 2017; Saraf et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene APOL1 and Schnyder corneal dystrophy.