CALR and leukemia: found that CRT exposure induced apoptosis of tumor cells and promoted tumor antigen presentation to T cells in an in vitro mouse AML model; the authors also found that CRT directly stimulated APCs, increased tumor‐specific T cells, and promoted the induction of effective leukemia‐specific T cell immunity associated with the host IFN‐I response.[145] Chemotherapeutic agents (e.g., anthracyclines) as ICD inducers have been shown to activate the immune response through DC‐based antitumor T lymphocyte cross‐initiation in solid tumors and hematological malignancies.