CALR and leukemia: In in vivo AML mouse models, anthracycline chemotherapeutic agents were observed to trigger ICD and transfer CRT from the nucleus to the surface of leukemia cells; cultured AML cells in vitro showed spontaneous release of HSP70/90.[146, 147] A study on CRT regulation in AML serum after anthracycline treatment found that this antibiotic causes release of an elastase‐inert N‐terminal CRT peptide into the serum.