TNF and Alzheimer disease: Pooled estimates from cross-sectional studies have demonstrated an increased level of C-reactive protein (CRP) [Hedges's g 0.35, 95% CI (0.16, 0.55), <i>p</i> < 0.05], IL-1β [0.94, 95% CI (-0.04, 1.92), <i>p</i> < 0.05], interleukin-6 (IL-6) [0.46, 95% CI (0.05, 0.88), <i>p</i> < 0.005], TNF alpha [0.22, 95% CI (-0.24, 0.68), <i>p</i> < 0.05], sTNFR-1 [0.74, 95% CI (0.46, 1.02), <i>p</i> < 0.05] in AD compared to controls.