MLF1 has been initially described in the leukemic fusion protein NPM-MLF1, which is generated by a rare t(3;5)(q25.1;q34) chromosomal translocation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (1), and implicated in the development of AML and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (2). This evidence concerns the gene MLF1 and myelodysplastic syndrome.