NFKB1 and cancer: As it is mentioned in Section 4.5, the NF-κB signaling pathway can be modulated via MGE products [105], and the inhibition of NF-κB in cancer cells was previously observed with the short-chain fatty acid- (SCFA-) modified hexosamine analogs (Figure 2(b)Bd), such as tributanoylated 3,4,6-O-Bu3ManNAc and 3,4,6-O-Bu3ManNLev [101, 116].