Previous studies suggested that TPST1 upregulated expression levels in BLCA, breast cancer, tongue squamous cell carcinoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma [41, 42, 43, 44] and has a significant impact on the invasion and metastasis of hypopharyngeal cancer and colorectal cancer [45, 46]. This evidence concerns the gene TPST1 and tongue squamous cell carcinoma.