Also, in addition, the association between GRIM-19 and asthenospermia is also reflected in STAT3, GRIM-19 is a STAT3-specific inhibitory protein, it can directly bind to the STAT3 transcription factor in the cytoplasm and block it from entering the nucleus, thereby down-regulating its transcriptional activity in the nucleus25. Here, NDUFA13 is linked to Reduced sperm motility.