Using the genes that met the high stringency criterion, the only pathway identified to be differentially decreased and associated with race was the SPINK1 pancreatic cancer pathway, which had 11 genes (PRSS2, CPA2, PRSS3, KLK5, CTRC, CPB1, CELA3B, CTRL, CELA2A, CLPS andCPA1) downregulated in pancreatic tumor from Black patients as compared to tumor tissue from White patients (Fig 4C). Here, SPINK1 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.