At the animal level, we verified whether knockdown of Pfkl or overexpression of Acadl could alleviate the pathological phenotypes of cardiac hypertrophy and HF caused by cardiac-specific knockout Klf7. Since hearts from 6-month-old KO mice showed obvious cardiac hypertrophy, postnatal 5-month-old KO mice were tail-vein injected with knockdown NC and Pfkl or overexpression NC or Acadl for 4 weeks, after which the mice were subjected to echocardiography (Figs. 7a and 8a). This evidence concerns the gene ACADL and cardiac hypertrophy.