TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Cytoplasmic aggregation of abnormally phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) is seen in both neurons and glia in the affected brain regions of 97% of patients with ALS, ~40% of cases with FTD, in many cases of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and in patients with an AD-like presentation (Limbic-predominant Age-related TDP-43 Encephalopathy)1–3.