PTPN2 and infection: This finding not only indicates that macrophages from Ptpn2-LysM-Cre mice promote bacterial clearance, possibly via increased IL-22 secretion, but also demonstrates that Ptpn2-deficient IECs are incapable of responding adequately to these disease-alleviating cues and that, upon deletion of PTPN2 in IECs, Ptpn2-deficient macrophages lose their capacity to alleviate disease and instead worsen the disease outcomes of infection.