P4HB and central nervous system cancer: For example, it suppressed colon tumor growth likely by inducing cell cycle arrest and altering the expression of multiple molecules [52, 53]; it suppressed ovarian cancer growth partially by inhibiting the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) activity [54]; it inhibited sphere formation in 3D cultures of HCC and CRC cells involving the inhibition of OXPHOS [55, 56]; and it suppressed glioma growth by causing the G2/M cell cycle arrest, inducing apoptosis, and inhibiting autophagy likely via CDK1 inhibition, ING1 upregulation, etc. [57, 58].