CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In the case of Atezolizumab (MPDL3280A), after a phase I study confirmed its efficacy for treatment in NSCLC (ORR of 23%, n = 53), especially in patients with tumor cell PD-L1 expression, a single-arm phase II study (BIRCH, NCT02031458, open-label, 667 participants) in PD-L1 selected (tumors or immune cells in TME) advanced NSCLC was initiated with ORR being the primary endpoint [177, 178].