TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Finally, compared to normal mice, STZ/HFD-induced NAFLD mice demonstrated significantly increased serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT, normal 20–45 U/L, Figure 5A) as well as plasma levels of eNAMPT (Figure 5B), IL-6 (Figure 5C), and TNFα (Figure 5D).