We observed that the large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1), a key tumor suppressive gene of the hippo pathway, was commonly downregulated in the three subtypes of RCC (mean value of NT and T: 8.97 and 8.31 for ccRCC; 8.45 and 7.31 for pRCC, and 8.51 and 7.58 for chRCC) (Fig. 2B). Here, PRCC is linked to renal cell carcinoma.