Among the 12 pleiotropic loci with PPA3 > 0.9 between headache and glucose, FI, fasting proinsulin, and HbA1c, three (1q32-q23.1, 2q34, and 14q32.12-q32.13) overlapped with loci identified in our GWAS-PW analysis of migraine and glycemic traits (Table 2). Here, INS is linked to Headache.