ATG5 and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: ATG5 gene expression was deceased in OSA patients versus PS subjects (0.83 ± 0.49 versus 1.38 ± 1.44 fold change, adjusted p = 0.032, Fig. 2B), and negatively correlated with snoring index (R = 0.251, p = 0.047, Fig. 2C).