CCND2 and testicular germ cell tumor: Fluorescence in situ hybridization has demonstrated that amplififi cation on chromosome 12p, particularly 12p13, occurrs in nearly all Intracranial germ cell tumors (IGCTs), regardless of histological subtypes。A further study findings in the molecular characterization of IGCTs suggest roles of CCND2, RB1, and PRDM14 in the pathogenesis of IGCTs and identify the KIT/RAS and AKT1/mTOR pathways as potential therapeutic targets in future [6].