BRAF and melanoma: BRAF mutations are seen in up to 10% of various cancers, including melanoma (40–60%), thyroid cancer (50%), glioma (11%), colorectal carcinoma (10%), cholangiocarcinoma (6%), non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) (3%), hairy cell leukemia, multiple myeloma, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis1.