Bortezomib, a first-generation proteasome inhibitor that effectively inhibits the activation of the NF-κB pathway, has been approved by the FDA for a variety of hematological malignancies, including multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma.[76] Sapienza et al[49] found that BPDCN showed constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway, and treatment of the BPDCN cell line, CAL-1, with bortezomib inhibited cell proliferation and induced significant cytotoxic responses. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is plasma cell myeloma.