CASP1 and HIV-1 infection: In the lymp nodes, the induction of an early inflammasome from day 1 and day 3 p.i. on, was evident from the upregulation of the NOD-like receptors NLRP1, NLRP3, AIM2, CASP-1, and IL-1β, indicating an early host response to HIV-1 infection in humanized mice, in agreement with results obtained from the SIV model (Barouch et al., 2016; Lu et al., 2016).