CD4 and HIV infectious disease: Although inflammation can contribute to the early control of HIV infection, immune dysfunction and chronic inflammation can in turn promote viral spread and the replenishment of the reservoir by stimulating the migration of CD4+ T cells to sites of viral replication (Klatt and Silvestri, 2012; Hunt et al., 2011), generating new activated target CD4+ T cells (Biancotto et al., 2008).