NLRP3 and HIV-1 infection: In innate immune cells, such as monocytes/macrophages (Guo et al., 2014; Chattergoon et al., 2014), dendritic cells (Pontillo et al., 2012; Pontillo et al., 2013) and microglial cells (Walsh et al., 2014), HIV-1 infection results in the activation of an inflammasome involving the PRR nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD), leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing proteins (NLR) family member 3 (NLRP3).