CD68 and Parkinson disease: Chronic inflammation mediated by microglia cells is involved in the pathological process of many chronic degenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease [31–33].  In the present study, the protein levels of the markers for the activation of microglia were detected, including ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1, a marker of microglia activation), cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68, a prototypical M1 marker), CD16/CD32 (a marker for M1 phenotype microglia), and CD206 (a marker for M2 phenotype microglia).