Moreover, TRIM21 expression in tumour cells facilitates the ubiquitination and degradation of voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 (VDAC2) and impedes pore formation by VDAC2 oligomers for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, thus suppressing radiation-induced STING–type-I IFN signalling. Here, STING1 is linked to neoplasm.