IL13 and lip and oral cavity carcinoma: M2 macrophages can be induced by Th2-derived IL-4 and IL-13 to promote tissue repair, angiogenesis, and tumor development.15 Importantly, M2-like TAMs are related to unfavorable survival, whereas M1-like TAMs are related to favorable outcomes in patients with oral cancer.17 Therefore, understanding the phenotypic and functional changes of M1 and M2 macrophages is crucial for the treatment and prognostic evaluation of patients with oral cancer.