IFNG and neoplasm: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are essential components of the tumor microenvironment and the major tumor-infiltrating leukocytes in most cancers.10,11 Studies have shown that TAMs involve in cancer-related inflammation, immunosuppression, and immunotherapy.12–14 Under different environments, TAMs can be polarized into M1-like or M2-like subtypes.15,16 For example, M1 macrophages can be induced by bacterial cellular components such as LPS or IFN-γ to foster inflammation response against tumor cell proliferation and migration.