Table 2). Notably, these amino acids are charged into mt-tRNAs by three of the most downregulated mt-aaRS that we detected in obese T2D patients (i.e. LARS2, IARS2, and TARS2, respectively) (Fig. 3E, D, J). In the case of the diabetic mice (db/db) only the gene expression of LARS2 and TARS2 was downregulated (Fig. 4B). Moreover, the protein expression of LARS2 and TARS2 was decreased in the skeletal muscle of diabetic mice (Fig. 4D) while no differences were found in ob/ob mice (Fig. 4C). This evidence concerns the gene IARS2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.