Biochemical pathways (metabolic disturbances, altered insulin signaling, inflammation induced damage to leptin and insulin receptors), behavioral pathways (increased impulsivity and related overeating), and/or the interaction between biochemical and behavioral pathways may explain how cortisol attenuation/dampening is related to overweight/obesity and adiposity [41, 84–86]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.