TNF and Abnormal intestine morphology: This tissue invasion triggers innate immune responses, including the epithelial NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome,75,84–88 Interleukin (IL)-18 release by the gut epithelium,89 Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-production by lamina propria cells,77,85 Interferon gamma (IFNγ)-elicited triggering of mucus secretion by goblet cells90 and expulsion of infected enterocytes into the gut lumen.84 Despite differences in the way that CR is alleviated, S. Tm infections in adult mice appear to elicit quite similar enteropathy.