MAPK3 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Our data showed that blocking ERK1/2 and/or p38 signaling could decrease 6-shogaol-increased G2/M phase distribution of cell cycle but increase the DNA synthesis (S) phase distribution of cell cycle, which means that the proliferation of HNSCC cells indeed recovered ERK1/2 participates in G1/S and G2/M transitions.