TNF and COVID-19: Currently applied treatment protocols in COVID-19 infected adult patients are based on previous studies of SARS CoV-2 at genome level and involve hydroxychloroquine/ chloroquine with or without azithromycin, targeted immune-suppressants such as inhibitors of IL-6 signaling (e.g., Tocilizumab, Sarilumab), TNF-a signaling (e.g., Humira), IL-1b signaling (e.g., Anakinra) and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (e.g., Ruxolitinib, Baricitinib, Tofacitinib) as well as protease inhibitor lopinavir/ritonavir (e.g., Kaletra) and COVID-19 convalescent plasma (26, 27, 79).