Under these experimental conditions, NE1Cas9 T cells had virtually no effect on tumor growth; NE1ΔPD-1 T cells cleared the tumor in one out of five mice, likely reflecting the effect of PD-1 knockout in the T cells; and NE1ΔPD-1-IL-12 T cells completely eradicated the tumors in all five mice, further demonstrating the potent anti-tumor activity of NE1ΔPD-1-IL-12 T cells (Figure 5C, Supplementary Figure 7C). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.