Hypothesizing that CAFs foster the niche by enriching the pro-tumor factors, an evidence-based study illustrated that an enhanced expression of TGFβ1 in a CAF-conditioned medium (CAF-CM) remained fundamental to the mesenchymal transformation of the non-CSC bladder cancer cells (Zhuang et al., 2015). Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.