Exceptions include the interaction of DC cells from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), bone marrow cells, and CAFs in a co-culture system generating IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p70, which subsequently activates cytotoxic T lymphocytes (TC cells) to release interferon (IFN-) α, and IFN-γ, eliciting an anti-tumor effect (Qian et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.